起重機械常用主要參數解析

起重機主參數是表示起重機主要技術性能指標的參數。是起重機設計的依據，也是起重機安全技術要求的重要依據：

（1）額定起重量Gn
額定起重量Gn 是(shi)指(zhi)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)能(neng)安(an)全(quan)吊(diao)起(qi)的(de)物(wu)料(liao)連(lian)同(tong)可(ke)分(fen)吊(diao)具(ju)或(huo)屬(shu)具(ju)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)總(zong)和(he)。對(dui)於(yu)吊(diao)鉤(gou)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)其(qi)額(e)定(ding)起(qi)重(zhong)量(liang)就(jiu)是(shi)其(qi)安(an)全(quan)起(qi)吊(diao)物(wu)料(liao)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)。但(dan)對(dui)帶(dai)可(ke)分(fen)吊(diao)具(ju)（如抓鬥、電磁吸盤
、平衡梁等）deqizhongji，qidiaojuhewuliaozhiliangdezongheshiedingqizhongliang
，yunxuqishengwuliaodezhiliangshiyouxiaoqizhongliang。qizhongjibiaopaishangbiaodingdeqizhongliang，tongchangdoushizhiqizhongjideedingqizhongliang。qizhongliangbiaopaiyingxingmuxianshizaiqizhongjijiegoudemingxianweizhishang（這是起重機維護工作的內容之一），以提示操作者避免超載。

（2）跨度s和幅度r
跨度S shizhiqiaoshileixingqizhongjiyunxingguidaozhongxinxianzhijiandeshuipingjuli。qiaoshileixingqizhongjidexiaocheyunxingguidaozhongxinxianzhijiandejuli
，dimianyouguiyunxingdebijiashiqizhongjideyunxingguidaozhongxinxianzhijiandejuli，douchengweiguiju。baochiqizhongjidedacheyunxingguidaodekuaduhexiaocheyunxingguidaodeguijupingxing，shiqizhongjiweihugongzuodeneirongzhiyi。

幅度L 旋xuan轉zhuan臂bi架jia式shi起qi重zhong機ji的de幅fu度du，是shi指zhi旋xuan轉zhuan中zhong心xin線xian與yu取qu物wu裝zhuang置zhi鉛qian垂chui線xian之zhi間jian的de水shui平ping距ju離li，單dan位wei是shi米mi。非fei旋xuan轉zhuan類lei型xing的de臂bi架jia起qi重zhong機ji的de幅fu度du，是shi指zhi吊diao具ju中zhong心xin線xian至zhi臂bi架jia後hou軸zhou或huo其qi他ta典dian型xing軸zhou線xian的de水shui平ping距ju離li。當dang臂bi架jia傾qing角jiao最zui小xiao，或huo小xiao車che位wei置zhi與yu起qi重zhong機ji回hui轉zhuan中zhong心xin距ju離li最zui大da時shi的de幅fu度du為wei最zui大da幅fu度du
，反fan之zhi為wei最zui小xiao幅fu度du。

（3）起升範圍D和起升高度H
起升高度H shizhiqizhongjiyunxingguidaodingmian
，huodimiandaoquwuzhuangzhishangjixianweizhidechuizhijuli。youxieqizhongjidequwuzhuangzhiyunxuxiafangdaodimianhuoguidaodingmianyixia，qixiafangdejulichengweixiajiangshendu。zheshi
，qizhongjideqishengfanweijishiqishenggaoduhexiajiangshenduzhihe
，jidiaojuzuigaohezuidigongzuoweizhizhijiandechuizhijuli。zaiqizhongjishijizuoyezhong

，budechaoguoqishenggaoduyunxuzhi。yinweichaoxianduhuishijuanraozaiqishengjigoujuantongshangdegangsishengshengweigudingcuoshichaozaishixiao，jiangdaozhizhongwuzhuiluoshigufasheng。

（4）工作速度：
工作速度V 起重機工作機構在額定載荷下穩定運行的速度。包括起升速度Vq、大車運行速度Vk、小車運行速度Vt、變幅速度Vl和旋轉速度ω。對於流動式起重機在道路行駛狀態下的工作速度
，是用行走速度Vo來lai描miao述shu。當dang起qi重zhong機ji的de某mou一yi工gong作zuo機ji構gou可ke以yi多duo擋dang位wei操cao作zuo時shi，一yi般ban情qing況kuang下xia，載zai荷he越yue大da，工gong作zuo速su度du越yue低di。對dui於yu臂bi架jia式shi起qi重zhong機ji，應ying控kong製zhi其qi旋xuan轉zhuan速su度du，防fang止zhi由you於yu旋xuan轉zhuan速su度du太tai大da
，吊diao載zai產chan生sheng的de離li心xin力li導dao致zhi起qi重zhong機ji傾qing翻fan。

（5）生產率；

（6）質量和外形尺寸。