淺談電梯製動器的安全與防護

       北京4號線地鐵扶梯事故造成了一名13歲男童死亡

，3人重傷
，另有27人輕傷的慘痛後果
，據悉
，造成事故的元凶可能就是電梯製動器出現故障。
      
       電梯製動器一般由線圈、鐵芯、製動推杆、製動臂
、製動帶、製動輪、製動彈簧、zhidongqidizuodengzucheng
，suoyoucanyuxiangzhidonglunhuopanshijiazhidonglidezhidongqijixieyingfenweiliangzuzhuangshe
，yibimianyizubujianshixiaoshiyinqilingyizushixiaocongeryinfashigu。dangran
，zhidongqibixuyaoyouzugoudezhidongliju
，yibaozhengjiaoxiangzaiyou125％額定載荷並以額定速度向下時，操作製動器應能使曳引機停止運轉。

       在對製動器的控製中，GB7588—200312.4.2.3.1guiding，qieduanzhidongqidianliu，zhishaoyingyonglianggedulidedianqizhuangzhilaishixian，bulunzhexiezhuangzhiyuyonglaiqieduandiantiqudongzhujidianliudedianqizhuangzhishifouweiyiti，dangdiantitingzhishi，ruguoqizhongyigejiechuqidezhuchudianweidakai，zuichidaoxiayiciyunxingfangxianggaibianshi，yingfangzhidiantizaiyunxing。zhelianggedulidedianqizhuangzhizhideshikongzhizhidongqixianquandezhuangzhi，tabushizhimensuohuilu
、anquanhuilugouchengdediantiyunxingdebiyaotiaojianyiyangdezhuangzhi，ershiyingdangzhifuhediantiyunxingdechongyaotiaojian。ruyunxingjiechuqidezhuangzhiyiyang
，lianggedulidezhuangzhibiaoxianzailuojishangyingshixiang“與”的而不是相“或”的。

       電dian梯ti製zhi動dong器qi作zuo為wei頻pin繁fan使shi用yong的de安an全quan部bu件jian之zhi一yi，它ta在zai保bao證zheng電dian梯ti安an全quan安an全quan可ke靠kao的de運yun行xing中zhong發fa揮hui著zhe極ji其qi重zhong要yao的de作zuo用yong，在zai電dian梯ti設she計ji製zhi造zao維wei護hu時shi必bi須xu予yu以yi重zhong視shi。電dian梯ti製zhi動dong器qi線xian圈quan必bi須xu遵zun循xun得de電dian鬆song閘zha、失(shi)電(dian)製(zhi)動(dong)的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)進(jin)行(xing)設(she)計(ji)，要(yao)有(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)響(xiang)應(ying)性(xing)能(neng)，它(ta)應(ying)能(neng)在(zai)得(de)到(dao)運(yun)行(xing)指(zhi)令(ling)後(hou)迅(xun)速(su)鬆(song)閘(zha)，以(yi)免(mian)電(dian)梯(ti)起(qi)動(dong)時(shi)使(shi)電(dian)機(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)堵(du)轉(zhuan)，使(shi)電(dian)機(ji)等(deng)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)發(fa)熱(re)，減(jian)少(shao)電(dian)流(liu)對(dui)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)的(de)衝(chong)擊(ji)，提(ti)高(gao)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)；dangdiantitingzhishi
，tayingjishibaozha，yimianfashengliuchedengshigu。zheyang，zaibaozhahuiluzhong，baozhaxianquanzuihaoshiquanyazhijieqidong，ranhouyiyigejiaodideweichidianyabaozhengxianquanyizhidedian， dangxuyaobaozhashi
，buyidingyaolingdianya

，zhiyaodianyabiweichidianyadi
，tajiuyingjishibaozha。zaizhezhenggehuiluzhong，dangxianquanshidianshi，yaonenglijixiaohaocanyudianshi，haixufangzhiyoufuzaixiangxianquankuidian，ruguoyouzhezhongkeneng

，bixujishixiaochu，yimianruoxian。
在zai平ping時shi使shi用yong過guo程cheng中zhong不bu能neng隨sui意yi調tiao整zheng製zhi動dong彈dan簧huang，要yao保bao證zheng足zu夠gou的de製zhi動dong力li矩ju
，須xu定ding期qi給gei製zhi動dong器qi保bao養yang，轉zhuan動dong軸zhou鏈lian處chu應ying及ji時shi加jia潤run滑hua油you
，鐵tie芯xin也ye應ying及ji時shi調tiao整zheng，以yi免mian出chu現xian鏽xiu死si、卡阻等情況
，使製動器不能完全打開或打不開而引發事故。